{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ffddc5ac",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 图像中的文本处理"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8be79acb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "在数据可视化时，通常需要加上一些描述文字对生成的图形进行描述和解释。Matplotlib模块提供了一些基于函数和基于对象的文本处理方法。\n",
    "\n",
    "函数 |\t方法|\t作用\n",
    ":--|:--|:--\n",
    "`plt.text()`\t|`axes.text()`\t|在指定位置添加文本\n",
    "`plt.xlabel()`\t|`axes.set_xlabel()`\t|添加x轴标题\n",
    "`plt.ylabel()`\t|`axes.set_ylabel()`\t|添加y轴标题\n",
    "`plt.title()`\t|`axes.set_title()`\t|添加标题\n",
    "`plt.suptitle()`\t|`fig.suptitle()`\t|整张图的标题\n",
    "`plt.anotate()`\t|`axes.anotate()`\t|添加注释\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "a44de623",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from matplotlib import pyplot as plt\n",
    "plt.title('alpha > beta')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "36329acb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "可以用LaTex的语法将标题替换为公式："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "16e7a0ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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TJ267/FwcB6aq6odV9S3gGwx+Aaw3XfbiSuA2gKr6CvBMBh+s1ppOPZlvuYPvxzLMGbsXSS4APs4g9uv1cVoYsxdVdbKqNlfVuVV1LoPnM3ZX1aI/NGoN6/J35HYG9+5JspnBQzzHVnDGldJlL74NvB4gyUsZBH92RadcG6aAtwxfrXMxcLKqvjvui5b1IZ1avo9leNrpuBfXA2cCnx0+b/3tqtq9akMvk4570YSOe3EQ+LUkR4EfAe+pqnX3r+COe/Fu4BNJ/ojBE7hvW493EJPcwuCX/Obh8xUfBJ4BUFUfY/D8xWXADPAY8PZO17sO90qStADfaStJjTD4ktQIgy9JjTD4ktQIgy9JjTD4ktQIgy9JjfhfLvbr+csJpuwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from matplotlib import pyplot as plt\n",
    "plt.title(r'$\\alpha > \\beta$')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b3acea13",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "值得注意的有两点，使用LaTex公式时，公式部分需要包含在一对`$`中，且为了防止转义字符的问题，字符串需要使用`r`字符串。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1a5dff7c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.9.10"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}
